Allies and Enemies: How the World Depends on Bacteria by Anne Maczulak

Author:Anne Maczulak [Maczulak, Anne]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Science, Reference, Non-Fiction
ISBN: 9780137015467
Amazon: 0137015461
Barnesnoble: 0137015461
Goodreads: 8567408
Publisher: FT Press
Published: 2010-07-22T04:00:00+00:00

102

allies and enemies

which could mean a mechanical device inside a mattress, a freshwater

source, the act of leaping, or a season.

Redundancy helps biological systems operate with some versatility so that even a slight mistake in a base sequence can translate into the correct amino acid used for building a protein. Cells also contain repair systems that proofread the code. Repair system enzymes excise

incorrect bases, fix mismatched bases in the ladder’s rungs, and rebuild damaged sections of DNA.

The genetic code connects all biological organisms. Regardless

of the organism from single-celled bacteria to the most complex—usually assumed by egocentric humans to be the human—all use the

same genetic alphabet to define amino acids and thus proteins. The

universal nature of the genetic code allows scientists to study E. coli for the purpose of learning about human genes. In addition, the unity of biology makes the opportunities for genetic engineering almost unlimited because every organism uses the same basic means of

building its cellular constituents.

Genetic engineering has not replaced the chemical industry,

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